Saturday, July 22, 2023

Nacogdoches Time Line through 1860

Time Line of Nacogdoches County

5000 B.C.-A.D. 500) Nacogdoches County is located in an area of early human habitation. Archeological artifacts were found near the Sam Rayburn Reservoir area, dated to this Archaic Period.

Hasinai Indians of the Caddo confederacy (agriculture people, built the flat topped earthen temple and burial mounds.

1600-1700s Nacogdoches, ColonyThis was home of the Nacogdoches Indians, a Caddo tribe. Spanish settlements, settled and abandoned the area and missions in 18th century due to French encroachments.

Nacogdoche Indians - near the city of Nacogdoches.
The Hasinai tribe in western part of the county along the Angelina River.
Nasonis in the northern part of the county.
Nacao Indians in the northeastern corner.

There is a local legend for Nacogdoches :

Caddo Indians founded Nacogdoches. According to legend a chief lived near the Sabine River with twin sons. One with light skin and blond hair while the other twin had darker skin and hair. When they grew up to lead a tribe, the blond was sent three days westward toward the Setting sun. The son with darker hair and skin was sent eastward toward the rising sun. he twin with blond hair settled in Nacogdoches, Texas. The twin with dark hair settled Natchitoches, Louisiana. The road they traveled upon to visit, was the El Camino Real.

1685 French under René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, established a colony on the coast. This caused Spanish to build missions in effort to deter the French from claiming the land for themselves.

1689 Alonso De León, the governor of Coahuila, led expedition, found the French settlement in ruins and settlers dead. Massanet founded mission on San Pedro Cr. (NW) of Houston Co. among the Hasinai near Nacogdoches.

Alonso De León, the governor of Coahuila

1690 De León and Father Damián Massanet, recommended building missions among the Hasinai Indians to the Coahuila and Count of Galve. Massanet founded a mission on thrSan Pedro Creek NW of Weches, Houston County.

Father Damián Massanet

1691- Domingo Terán de los Ríos explored East Texas, up to the Red River and across the NW part of Nacogdoches co.

Ramón built

Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainai Mission on Mill Creek on the Angelina River.
San José de los Nazonis on Dill Creek in NW Nacogdoches County.
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches (named for the Nacogdoche Indians) on the site of present Nacogdoches, and a presidio for protection, abandoned 1718, resettled 1720.

1774- Antonio Gil Ibarvo led settlers back from San Antonio to build Bucareli, they abandoned it to rebuild Nacogdoches.

1779 Ibarvo began building the Stone house, and trading post known as the "Old Stone Fort" and made land grants to settlers. Ibarvo also began making informal land grants to the early settlers. Ibarvo was later accused of smuggling goods into Nacogdoches and trading with the Indians horses which had been stolen from the Spanish. After being cleared of charges, he was banished from Nacogdoches.

1792 Juan Antonio Cortez, a military official, was sent to regularize the land grants, but only a few formal land grants were issued. Many of the early grants were imperfect. This caused problems when Anglo Americans arrived 1820s, 1830s.

1798 -Early settlers were William Barr and Peter Samuel Davenport, Luther Smith and Edward Murphy, formed the House of Barr and Davenport trading company. Barr and Davenport kept their headquarters at Ibarvo's stone house, had an exemption from Spanish officials to trade with Louisiana, thus virtually guaranteeing them a monopoly of trade in the region.

1801 Philip Nolan 1801 Nolan illegally entered Texas , and formed a fort near present Nolan Creek. He was killed by Spanish soldiers who had been sent to arrest him, when they discovered papers implicating him in a plot to seize the East Texas region

Aug 12, 1812- 1813 Gutiérrez-Magee expedition seized control of Nacogdoches, accompanied by Mexican revolutionaries from Louisiana. Aug 1813 royalist force led by Joaquín de Arredondo crushed the revolt. Nacogdoches became the scene of a bloody purge, during which royal authority was reestablished through execution and confiscation.

1818 the area was deserted as the residents of the town and surrounding countryside fled across the Sabine River into Louisiana.
1819 James Long led another filibustering expedition, he found Nacogdoches abandoned.

James Long

1820 W. F. Dewes, described the settlement as a desolate place with a population of only 100.

1820s- 1830s Caddo Indians from were from Louisiana and displaced the Cherokees. A few years later many of the Hasinais moved west of the Brazos River.

1821 After the Mexican War of Independence, Nacogdoches was target of a filibustering expedition led by Augustus W. Magee and José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara. American settlers were driven out of East Texas. Nacogdoches was left virtually abandoned.

July 1821 Stephen F. Austin described Nacogdoches as a ruin of a village, consisting of a church, the stone house, and six other dwellings.

1821 Mexico won its independence from Spain, Coahuila and Texas were joined as one state, and Nacogdoches was included in the Department of Bexar. Municipality of Nacogdoches was given jurisdiction over the region between the Neches and Sabine rivers.

1825 Colonization law by Coahuila and Texas, 2 impresario grants were awarded in Nacogdoches: Frost Thorn and Haden Edwards who challenged the previous Spanish, Mexican land titles. Edwards, his brother and 30 folders seized control of the Stone Fort, declaring independence of Texas. (Fredonian Rebellion was stopped by Mexican militia,

1826-1827-- Fredonian Rebellion took place. The original 23 counties were created from the Nacogdoches Department; subsequently 20 other counties were created from Nacogdoches County.

1828 Settlement had 600 men and 100 women. Immigrants from the USA came to the area or passed through on the way to other impresario grants such as Robertson, Stephen F Austin, Burnet, Zavala or Vehlein. Nacogdoches was a political department, covering most of E Texas from Anahuac on Trinity River (SW) to Red River in north, east to Louisiana.

1830's Located on one of the principal routes of immigration from the United States, Nacogdoches developed into a leading entry way for Anglo immigrants, earning the title, Gateway to Texas.

Aug 2, 1832 The battle of Belasco (Nacogdoches) was fought on August 2, 1832^[2]

August,1832 Battle of Nacogdoches - after a group of Texan colonists resisted an order issued in July by the commander of the Mexican Army at Nacogdoches, Texas to surrender their arms. This increased into a major battle. James Bowie was a participant. The Texansl thought they had a champion when Santa Anna declared himself against the centralist regime in 1832.. This soon changed.

Battle of nacogdoches Wikipedia

battle Nacogdoches, Handbook of Texas

Battle of Nacognoches Texas Escapes

1832 - immigration laws and land titles caused revolt of the Mexican and Anglo-American, resulted in victory of the antigovernment forces in the battle of Nacogdoches. Alcaldes, José Ignacio Ibarvo and Vital Flores were elected, then ayuntamientos were Anglo .

Jan 2, 1835- December 14, 1835, 822 certificates of immigration were issued at Nacogdoches. Henry Rueg, political chief of the Department of Nacogdoches, appointed Thomas J Rusk, Frost Thorn to form the Nacogdoches Committee of Vigilance and Safety. The committee organized a militia and collected arms and provisions for the revolution.

1835-36 100's of USA volunteers poured through the area on their way south to fight for independence.

March 17, 1836 - Runaway Scrape the area was virtually abandoned once again. After May, when residents heard of Santa Anna's defeat, returned en masse.

Nacogdoches County is an original county of the Republic in 1836, and was organized in 1837. Nacogdoches City became the County Seat in1836 The name comes from Caddo tribe in the area.

1836-37 - municipalities within the Nacogdoches Department, Liberty, Jefferson, Jasper, Sabine, San Augustine, and Shelby, were established as counties of the Republic of Texas.

March 17, 1836 - Area east of the Trinity River was designated Nacogdoches County.

June 1837 the city of Nacogdoches was officially incorporated. Proposals were made to designate Nacogdoches the official capital of the new republic. The House favored Nacogdoches, but the Senate wanted San Jacinto.

Summer, 1836 - Vicente Córdova, alcalde and primary judge of Nacogdoches, led a revolt of Mexicans and Indians against the republic. The plot was discovered before he could act, and the Córdova Rebellion was quelled by the Thomas J Rusk forces. Córdova escaped to Mexico, Menchaca and others, were put on trial in San Augustine and found guilty. President Mirabeau B Lamar pardoned Menchaca.

1845 Nacogdoches University was chartered. A brick building was built 1858. This operated until 1895 several private schools began. A brick building was built 1858, The University operated 1845-1895. Private schools began.

April 1846 The county was further subdivided into 20 counties: Anderson, Angelina, Camp, Cherokee, Dallas, Delta, Gregg, Henderson, Hopkins, Houston, Hunt, Kaufman, Raines, Rockwall, Rusk, Smith, Trinity, Upshur, Van Zandt, and Wood.

Robert Smith Patton

1847-49 Robert S. Patton brought his steamboat Angelina up the Angelina River as far north as Pattonia in the SE corner of the county at the mouth of Dorr Creek. 1849 the boat hauled cotton and produce downstream to Sabine Pass returning with provisions, clothing, manufactured goods.

1850s Nacogdoches County was rural and agricultural, with the residents living on farms. The only church was the Catholic church. Protestant ministers traveled, holding revivals.

1860 -388 families present. 70% were from Old South: Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana the economy was subsistence farming. (1858, 38,221 acres cultivated, planted in corn. Only 11,828 acres in cotton, 1,589 - wheat. 5,200 acres - vegetables.

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The Flag of the Kingdom of Spain 1519 to 1821

The Spanish Flag of Castile and Leon flew over Texas for three hundred years. Spanish involvement in Texas began with Alonzo Alverez de Pineda's mapping of the Texas coast in 1519. Then, in 1542 Luis de Moscoso came to Nacogdoches and East Texas with the remnants of the Hernando de Soto expedition that had begun four years earlier in Florida. Spain's claim to Texas went back to the DeSoto-Moscoso Expedition, which claimed all of southeastern United States as Spanish Florida. Spain's occupation of Texas began in 1690 with the founding of Mission San Francisco de los Tejas on the Neches River. It continued in 1716 with the founding of six missions from the Neches River to Los Adaes in Western Louisiana, and 1721 with the founding of Presidio Nuestra Señora de Pilar de los Adaes----near present day Robeline, Louisiana. Los Adaes was the first capital of the Province of Texas. Texas was under the Spanish flag until Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821. Interestingly, the first flag used by the Spanish to claim Texas was not the familiar flag of Castile and Leon; it was a banner that had the Virgin of Guadalupe on one side and the crucified Christ on the other.

The Flag of the Kingdom of France 1685 to 1689

France's claim to a part of Texas went back to 1682, when Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, explored the Mississippi and claimed all the land in its drainage for France. For some mapmakers and politicians, this included Texas. He named this land Louisiana. La Salle came to Texas in 1685, after he accidentally sailed past his destination at the mouth of the Mississippi. He established Fort St. Louis and a French settlement on Garcitas Creek off Matagorda Bay. The settlement was ill fated from its beginning. LaSalle was murdered by his own men near Navasota in 1687, and the settlers and soldiers who remained at Fort St. Louis were killed or captured by the Indians in 1689. The Spanish found Fort St. Louis and burned it to the ground in 1690. This French intrusion into Spanish territory caused the Spanish to begin the occupation and settlement of East Texas to prevent further French invasions.

The Flag of the Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition 1812 to 1813

Bernardo Gutiérrez and Lieutenant Augustus Magee flew their green flag of the new Republic of Texas over the Stone Fort in Nacogdoches in August of 1812. The Republican Army of the North, as these filibusters called themselves, had come from Natchitoches to Nacogdoches to recruit and train troops with the help of Samuel Davenport. They stayed for two months, drilled an army of over five hundred men, and then marched on to capture Goliad and San Antonio. Magee died at Goliad, and his place was taken by Samuel Kemper. Kemper and Gutiérrez captured San Antonio and issued a Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Texas on April 6, 1813. This brief time of Texas Independence was over when the Spanish general Joaquín de Arredondo destroyed the remains of the Republican army at the Battle of Medina on August 18, 1813. Augustus Magee and Samuel Davenport, who were in charge of the militia in Nacogdoches, were both Irishmen. That might have governed their choice of the Emerald Green flag as the Republican army's standard.

The Flag of the Dr. James Long Expedition 1819 and 1821

Some Americans believed that Texas was part of Louisiana as claimed by LaSalle in 1682 and should have been included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. One of those was Dr. James Long of Natchez, Mississippi, who came to Nacogdoches in June of 1819. Dr. Long proclaimed himself the president of his newly declared Republic of Texas. Dr. Long's red-striped Lone Star flag flew but briefly over the Stone Fort and his Republic of Texas. The Spanish caught Long when he went to Galveston, where he was seeking the assistance of pirate Jean Lafitte. There they defeated him and his meager army and chased him back to Louisiana. Dr. Long returned to Texas with a small army in 1821 and quickly captured the poorly manned garrison at Goliad. However, he was soon under siege by Spanish troops from San Antonio, who recaptured Goliad and took him captive. Dr. James Long was taken to Mexico City, jailed, then freed, and then murdered under mysterious circumstances by a Mexican soldier.

The Flag of the Mexican Federal Republic 1821 to 1836

Spanish Nacogdoches came under the Mexican flag in 1821, when Mexico finally won its independence from Spain. Mexico, in order to prove its ownership of Texas, began settling its eastern parts with the Anglos as early as December 1821. In that year Stephen F. Austin was allowed to bring the first of his Old Three Hundred Settlers into his grant on the Brazos. Thereafter, Americans poured through Nacogdoches, the Gateway to Texas, in search of cheap land. By the time of the Texas revolution in 1836, Anglos greatly outnumbered the Spanish-Mexican population. The Mexican flag that flew over Nacogdoches and still flies over Mexico was adopted in 1825. It has three vertical green, white, and red fields of equal width. In the center of the white field is the Mexican eagle sitting on a nopal cactus holding a snake in its beak. In Mexican legend, this was a sign to the Aztecs that they had reached the land that was to be their home.

The Flag of the Fredonia Rebellion 1826 to 1827

For a brief while, the flag that flew over Nacogdoches was the red-and-white banner of Haden Edward's thirty-seven-day Fredonia Rebellion. Edwards had obtained a grant from Mexico to settle eight hundred families in East Texas in the Nacogdoches area. Unfortunately for him, most of the land had already been settled---legally and illegally---by the early Spanish, by Indians, and by Anglo squatters. His intrusion caused such a disturbance that the Mexican government revoked his grant. Disappointed over the loss of his grant, on December 16, 1826, Haden and his brother Benjamin rode into Nacogdoches, planted their flag in front of the Stone Fort, and proclaimed the Republic of Fredonia. They had formed an uncertain alliance with the Cherokees, thus the reason for the red and white colors of the flag. The flag carried the words "Independence Freedom and Justice" and the Signatures of sixteen of the original Fredonians. The Fredonian army consisted of no more than thirty men, the Cherokees never joined them, and Stephen F. Austin raised a militia to put down the East Texas rebellion. The Fredonians gave up their cause on January 22, 1827, and retreated eastward across the Sabine.

The Flag of the Republic of Texas 1836 to 1846

Mexican Texas became the Republic of Texas after Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna on the plains of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. The first official flag was a white upside-down star on a blue background with T-E-X-A-S written between the points of the star. This flag never flew. The second flag of the Republic was adopted by the first Texas congress in December 1836. It bore a single, large gold star on a blue field. This flag was the same design as the "Bonnie blue flag that bears a single star" that was so popular among the Southern troops during the Civil War. The Lone Star flag that we now use was designed by Texas Senator William H. Wharton and was officially adopted by the Senate under President Mirabeau B. Lamar in 1839. The new flag kept the white star on the blue field, but now the blue field was a vertical stripe which occupied one-third of the flag, and it was balanced by horizontal white and red stripes, on the other two-thirds. This Texas flag has been prominently displayed for over 150 years.

The Flag of the Confederate States of America 1861 to 1865

For four years, the Stars and Bars flew over Nacogdoches and Texas. After years of conflicts of interest between the North and the South over states rights, slavery, and the right of secession, the Civil War began in March of 1861. Texas seceded and joined the Confederate States of America. It sent its Texas brigades into battle, and suffered for four years with the rest of the Confederacy before General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. The most enduring of the Confederate flags during the War was the Stars and Bars with the square of blue holding a circle of the seven original seceding states. Texas was the seventh star. Because the Confederate Stars and Bars and the Union Stars and Stripes were easily confused in the heat of battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard introduced a Confederate battle flag. This was a square red flag with a white-bordered blue cross running diagonally from corners to corners. The cross contained thirteen stars representing the eleven Confederate states plus Kentucky and Missouri. This battle flag became the flag most closely identified with the Southern cause. The Confederate Stars and Bars came down in Texas after April 1863 and Appomattox, and the United States Stars and Stripes have been flying over this State ever since.

The Flag of the United States of America since 1846

On February 19, 1846, the Lone Star flag was lowered over the Texas state capitol in Austin, and the Stars and Stripes was raised. The Republic of Texas had become the State of Texas. From the beginning of the Republic in 1836, the majority of the Texians, most of whom had come directly from the States, had wanted Texas to join the Union. But many in the Union did not want Texas in the United States. Some did not want one more Southern slave-holding state, and some were afraid of causing a war with Mexico. Nevertheless, on July 4, 1845, the Texas congress voted to accept the articles of annexation offered by United States President James K. Polk, and on December 29, 1845, the congressional resolution proclaiming Texas as a state in the Union was signed by President Polk. The Old Glory that was raised above the Texas state capitol on the following February 19, 1846, had twenty-eight stars in four rows of seven stars each. Except for the four years of the Civil War, 1861 to 1865, these Stars and Stripes have since 1846 flown over the State of Texas.

Nacogdoches Texas USA

Nacogoches

Saturday, July 22, 2023

Nacogdoches Time Line through 1860

Time Line of Nacogdoches County

1818 the area was deserted as the residents of the town and surrounding countryside fled across the Sabine River into Louisiana.
1819 James Long led another filibustering expedition, he found Nacogdoches abandoned.

1820 W. F. Dewes, described the settlement as a desolate place with a population of only 100.

1820s- 1830s Caddo Indians from were from Louisiana and displaced the Cherokees. A few years later many of the Hasinais moved west of the Brazos River.

1821 After the Mexican War of Independence, Nacogdoches was target of a filibustering expedition led by Augustus W. Magee and José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara. American settlers were driven out of East Texas. Nacogdoches was left virtually abandoned.

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Rosalind Langston

Nacogoches

Saturday, July 22, 2023

Nacogdoches Time Line through 1860

Time Line of Nacogdoches County

1818 the area was deserted as the residents of the town and surrounding countryside fled across the Sabine River into Louisiana. 1819 James Long led another filibustering expedition, he found Nacogdoches abandoned.

1820 W. F. Dewes, described the settlement as a desolate place with a population of only 100.

1820s- 1830s Caddo Indians from were from Louisiana and displaced the Cherokees. A few years later many of the Hasinais moved west of the Brazos River.

1821 After the Mexican War of Independence, Nacogdoches was target of a filibustering expedition led by Augustus W. Magee and José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara. American settlers were driven out of East Texas. Nacogdoches was left virtually abandoned.

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Post a Comment

Rosalind Langston

1818 the area was deserted as the residents of the town and surrounding countryside fled across the Sabine River into Louisiana.
1819 James Long led another filibustering expedition, he found Nacogdoches abandoned.